Catching a case of diarrhea is uncomfortable and can be embarrassing but we all get it from time to time. Diarrhea is one of the most commonly reported complaints, that results in increased amounts of watery loose stools. In diarrhea, fluid passes out of the body before it can be absorbed by the intestines. Diarrhea dehydrates the body, leading to further health complications, such as low blood pressure or fainting. It can occur both in children and adults, but in children, it can be life threatening and can have more serious consequences. In fact, diarrhea is one of the leading causes of child morality in developing countries. In children and infants, prolonged diarrhea can even lead to malnutrition. Children under the age of 5 are the most prone to die from diarrhea. Most death occurs amongst children living in rural areas of these countries where there is a lack of sanitation.
Diarrhea has two forms: Acute and Chronic. Acute diarrhea lasts for less than two weeks; it is usually a sign of viral or bacterial infection, food poisoning, or gastroenteritis. Chronic diarrhea can last much longer, accompanied by weight loss, abdominal pain and can be a symptom of something more serious, such as ulcerative colitis and celiac disease. There is also another condition known as traveler’s diarrhea, which affects someone while travelling or on vacation.
Causes:
What causes diarrhea? Diarrhea can be a result of numerous conditions or circumstances.
- Viral and bacterial infection from contaminated food or water.
- Food intolerances and sensitivities, eg. lactose intolerance.
- Intestinal disorders or diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, microscopic colitis and celiac disease are non-infectious causes of diarrhea.
- Laxative abuse can be another cause
- Psychological triggers like stress and anxiety
Ways to Prevent and Overcome Diarrhea
Mild cases of diarrhea may resolve itself without treatment. Chronic diarrhea, although, may need diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Other strategies include:
1. Consider taking zinc supplements
Zinc has been shown to reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea as it is a micronutrient for transport of water and electrolytes. Zinc also works for gastrointestinal issues further helping to prevent the risk for diarrhea. Consult your doctor as per your need and proper dosage.
2. Rehydration Therapy
Rehydration is key. Dehydration due to diarrhea can be particularly dangerous in children and the old and elderly. Gulp plenty of water and other liquids to replace for the water lost. For children, ORS that contains salt and glucose would be beneficial for non-severe diarrhea cases.
3. Diet
Consume high potassium and fibre rich foods such as bananas, oranges, spinach, apples, whole grain breads, pulses, nuts and more. Proper storage of food is also necessary to prevent it from contamination. Store your food either below 8 degrees or above 65 degrees for minimal bacterial growth.
4. Checking for food sensitivities and allergies
With keeping a healthy and balanced diet, make sure to identify if you are sensitive to any food compound like gluten or dairy. Adopt for gluten and dairy free options to support your tolerance.
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